What is the primary consequence of frostbite?

The primary consequence of frostbite is damage to tissues due to exposure to cold. When body tissues are exposed to extremely cold temperatures, ice crystals can form within the cells, leading to cellular damage and impaired blood flow. This can cause the affected tissues, most often in the extremities like fingers and toes, to become numb, hard, and eventually necrotic if the exposure is prolonged. The cold reduces blood flow, which is crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues, further exacerbating tissue damage.

While swelling and infection can occur as secondary complications after the initial frostbite injury, the immediate and primary result of frostbite itself is the damage inflicted by the freezing temperatures. It is essential to recognize that treating frostbite promptly can significantly influence the extent of tissue damage and recovery outcomes.