What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by recurrent depressive episodes that typically occur during specific seasons, most commonly in the fall and winter months when there is less natural sunlight. This pattern distinguishes SAD from other forms of depression, as it is directly linked to the changing seasons. Individuals with SAD may experience symptoms such as low energy, mood swings, changes in sleep patterns, and difficulty concentrating, which significantly impact their daily functioning during the affected seasons.

Recognizing SAD as a pattern of recurrent depressive episodes highlights the importance of understanding how environmental factors, particularly light exposure, can influence mood and mental health. Treatment options often include light therapy, psychotherapy, and medication, aimed at alleviating symptoms and restoring a person's well-being during those seasonal changes.