What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) characterized by?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized primarily by the presence of unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to the obsessions. These obsessions can lead to significant anxiety or distress, while the compulsive behaviors are attempts to reduce that distress or prevent a feared outcome.

Individuals with OCD often recognize that their thoughts and behaviors are irrational or excessive, but they feel compelled to engage in them despite this awareness. This distinct pattern of experiencing unwanted thoughts alongside compulsive actions is what sets OCD apart from other mental health conditions, making it identifiable and diagnosable. The other options describe symptoms or behaviors that do not align with the core features of OCD, distinguishing this disorder in the broader landscape of mental health issues.