What enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose in the body?

Lactase is the enzyme specifically responsible for breaking down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. In the digestive system, lactose is a disaccharide that must be hydrolyzed into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, before they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactase catalyzes this reaction, enabling individuals to properly digest and utilize the energy from lactose-containing foods.

The presence of lactase is crucial for individuals, especially in infancy, as it allows for the effective digestion of breast milk or formula. A deficiency in lactase can lead to lactose intolerance, where undigested lactose ferments in the gut, causing discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms. Understanding the role of lactase highlights its importance in nutrition and health, particularly for individuals who consume dairy products as part of their diet.