What distinguishes exertional heat stroke from heat exhaustion?

Exertional heat stroke is distinguished from heat exhaustion primarily by the alteration of consciousness. In cases of exertional heat stroke, the body temperature can rise to dangerously high levels, often exceeding 104°F (40°C), and this hyperthermia can lead to neurological symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, or even loss of consciousness. This alteration in mental status is a critical symptom indicating that the body's thermoregulatory system has failed, and immediate medical attention is required to prevent serious complications or death.

In contrast, heat exhaustion typically does not involve changes in consciousness but instead presents symptoms such as heavy sweating, weakness, and fatigue. Consequently, the significant neurological impairment associated with exertional heat stroke is what sets it apart from heat exhaustion. Understanding these differences is vital for prompt and effective treatment in cases of heat-related illnesses.