How can mental disorders be characterized?

Mental disorders are characterized by clinically significant disturbances in cognition and behavior. This definition emphasizes that the disturbances significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and quality of life. Mental disorders can manifest in various ways, such as through impairment in thought processes, emotional regulation, and social interactions. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) utilizes this criterion to categorize mental health conditions, ensuring that they are recognized as conditions that warrant professional evaluation and treatment.

In contrast, temporary mood swings or minor personality changes may not necessarily indicate a mental disorder, as these can be normal parts of human experience. Observable physical ailments do not directly relate to mental disorders either, as they primarily pertain to physical health issues rather than cognitive or emotional disturbances. Thus, the acknowledgment of clinically significant disturbances is essential to understanding and diagnosing mental health issues appropriately.